What is Hacking? (Part 2) — How Attacks Actually Begin

Hacking rarely starts with an attack. It starts with information.

The first phase of hacking is reconnaissance. This involves collecting as much data as possible about a target without direct interaction. This may include domain names, IP addresses, technologies used, software versions, exposed services, and even employee information through public sources.

Once enough information is collected, scanning and enumeration begin. This phase identifies open ports, running services, user accounts, misconfigurations, and potential entry points. Many real-world breaches occur at this stage due to outdated software or poor system configuration.

Most systems are not “hacked” using advanced zero-day exploits. They are compromised because basic security practices were ignored.